Thomas Eliot Essay Example For Students

Thomas Eliot Essay T. S. Eliot was a very influential pessimist, always and constantly thriving on his hatred of little things and his love life. Eliot was born in St. Louis Missouri 1888 ad. His parents were both writers and loved the arts, most effectively passing on the genes to their son. While growing up he learned many things, his parents were extremely social and intellectual and they pushed him to achieve the highest of statuses. He went to college at Harvard University and then moved to London to go to Oxford. He then became a citizen of England in 1915. While in England Eliot held many jobs to keep the payments on his 5th floor English apartment and his college tuition. Eliot quickly became popular with Britain and was known as a great poet and a literal critic. Eliot is best known for two of his works: The Waste Land (1922) and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (1915). Actually the Love song is the beginning of the Waste Land. The Waste Land is in 5 parts, so it is more of a story in poetical form. In the Love Song, Eliot actually sounds a bit like a optimist, quite frankly though his own waste landsteps in half way through. We will write a custom essay on Thomas Eliot specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is his only poetic work I like. But it will never be at the top of any of my lists. In this song , JAP (J. Alfred Prufrock) is writing a letter to his honey, the girl he is in love with. In this poem Eliot uses a lot of visual imagery, he is very good with his adjectives and brings such a happy correlation of thought into a grim reality he would call his Waste Land. He talks of how : In the room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo. TLSJAP stanza 13 and 14 It has been my thought that this may signify his type. Eliot, again was an intellectual and then o he would most likely hang out where the smart people were and get away from: Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels And sawdust restaurant with oyster-shells: Streets that follow like a tedious argument Of insidious intent. stanzas 6-9 He actually gives the evidence to where he found his women, and how he likes to stroll through the outdoors and ending up in places of eloquence, and High Society. Even though he had a medium amount of money. He was still accepted in places for lower pay because of his high intelligence and the intelligence of his women. People enjoyed his company. He goes on alking about how there will always be time for us referring to the love that which he shares for her, and that there will always be time for things, but letting each other look at the joy as present and the escape from his Waste Land. He goes on in stanza 37 48 telling how they would grow old together, while still with the people that surround them that they love so dearly. He then tells of how he knows things and how life always goes (evidence of realism) in stanzas 49 54. Now here you can start to sense his pessimistic side shed a bit, talking of the: To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ays, And how should I presume? Stanza 60 61 Of course I guess you could take that as a repentance line but, I dont think so, lets go on. From stanzas 70 86 it shows what I think is his deep side and talking as if he were actually a Realist which he probably was, at least to me. He humbles himself a great deal , which is good , but talks of how things slowly fade , referring a lot to his baldness and how age takes a toll on relationships. This is my favorite part of the poem, because he brings you into his soul, not just letting you taste the action . I feel that this is how he lived life. .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 , .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 .postImageUrl , .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 , .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9:hover , .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9:visited , .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9:active { border:0!important; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9:active , .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9 .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufea0aadb935974a1226069b09d3c0ac9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Catcher In The Rye Symbolism EssayAlways leaving people to taste the good stuff around him but behind his eyes ly his brain and behind his brain his heart and when his company least expected it, I could see him waving his hands and saying, Come all! Come! Come! come and feel my pain come and pity me come and think I am humble.. even though I dont care much of any of you. That is the picture I get of JAP who is also Eliot, in life, but yet his background, his unnoticeable conscience. In stanza 87 98 he speaks of his anxiousness to ask people into his Waste land , is wanting to let them see his truth. Then he tries to cover for himself by saying: Should I say: That is not what I meant at all, That is not it, at all. stanzas 97 98 In stanzas 119 and finishing the poem at 131 he ends off, sorry to say, in a pessimistic tone of self pity and morbidity. He talks about his age weighing on his soul and never being what he wants to look like in the eyes of others and his eagerness in death by saying: We have lingered in the chambers of the sea By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown Till human voices wake us, and we drown. anzas 129 131 That is a great background on how Eliot viewed life. Realistically and fading into the distance with love meaning nothing at all. Well, on to what is called T. S. Eliots Waste Land. To brief you on my thoughts I very much dislike this poem for many reason which will be laid out in the next couple paragraphs. The poem is simply a look in to the soul of Eliot, a man with great writing capabilities but uses them for the pleasure of striking his enemy and hiding the truth without being up-front, using stories of ancient myths in German and Latin to convey his apathy. Eliot throughout this whole poems loves to mock and scorn his ex-wife. Her sexual desire he could not satisfy and whose love he cannot return. T. S. Eliots Waste land. Page 98 by: James E. Miller. Jr. He uses many sexually explicit gestures in the writing because that was the only way his fantasies could be met through writing. I think the man is sick, hes full of crap! Eric Paoletti But he reveals his hatred toward her in these lines: More sinned against than sinning , bruised and marred, The lazy laughing Jenny of the Bard. The same eternal and consuming itch Can make a martyr and a onsuming bitch) There is much more but as you can see not very appropriate at all. Again this man won a Nobel Prize and was loved by Americans and the English. How on Earth did he achieve that? Probably because that is what the world is hungry for. Explains acts of fantasizing date rape and the hatred of his wife that he loved so much in the Love Letter, than leading into divorce. Overall if you ask me, T. S. Eliot didnt need fame, fortune and the Nobel Prize. He needed serious mental help and most importantly, the God he talked of so vaguely throughout his writing.

hra verses Michael Bloomberg

hra verses Michael Bloomberg Free Online Research Papers HRA is a social service city ran organization, which provides various services to over three million New Yorkers. HRA operated under the mayor of New York, Michael Bloomberg administration. The mayor is the leader over all of the New York City agencies/government such as the all-public facilities such as social services, teen programs, and adult protective programs for the elderly and children services. Mayor Bloomberg is responsible for making sure policies, governing laws, and services implemented. â€Å"His job is to enforce these laws to the fullest within the city limits: five boroughs’ Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island and Bronx. â€Å"(NYC.gov. Jan 28). Michael Bloomberg oversees the city’s budget, and civil and non-civil servants employed by the city. Just like many administrations, he appoints department managers/heads and commissioners within these public agencies to oversee the operations. The department heads must also enforce the city and state laws and reports directly to the mayor. What is Michael Bloombergs hidden agenda for the City of New York? HRA (Human Resources Administration) head is commissioner Doar. He is responsible for making sure that the social service programs under his departments are functioning according to the Bloomberg policies and New York City laws. Some of the programs receive both Federal and State funding such as food stamps, and Medicaid programs. Other services provided by HRA are home care, childcare, domestic violence shelters, adult protective agency, temporary assistance, public health insurance, child support enforcement, emergency disaster unit, HEAP, HIV/AIDS and teen pregnancy programs. There are over five thousand offices all throughout the five boroughs of New York, which in addition to the above services also provides job training and placement for families receiving social services. My position with HRA is case worker and union representative for local 307, I basically wear two hats; As a caseworker I work with the Adult Protective Service and my second position Union Rep. I fight for the rights for the workers. Adult protective services assists clients’ age 18-100 yrs old age, which are abused, exploited, neglected and unable to manage their finances. My other role as a Union Representative is to advocate for workers rights, salary increase, and reach equilibrium in the work place. Meet with management to resolve unfair work conditions, try to prevent layoffs, increase overtime, stop pension cuts, and stop the increase in the health benefits co-payments. My position as the Union Representative has been more involved more than ever before due to the recent re-election of the Mayors . The city agency currently employers over sixteen thousand employees under the new administration, Bloomberg. The new administration was one of the changes, which many workers were against. Because not only did he change, the term limits law, in-order to run for a third term in two thousand and nine, which he was successful. He also stole the election and over five hundred civil service workers jobs were in jeopardy. He layer off two hundred and fifty civil servant caseworkers and replaced them with non-servant workers. Who exactly is Michael Bloomberg? Michael Bloomberg was born February 14, 1942 in Medford, Massachusetts. His parents were Russian Jews. As a young boy growing up, he kept to himself and posse’s leadership qualities as an early age. â€Å"If there was one trait that stood out in Mikes childhood, foreshadowing the adult he would become, it was his stubborn insistence on taking charge. Anything that came along, he wanted to do it! Mrs. Bloomberg said, He wanted to be the boss of whatever we were working on. He wanted to run everything.† P. 8 Purnick copyright 2009. He focused on his dream at an early age to make money. His high school girlfriend Sherman Berman recalls him telling her back then â€Å"that it was very important to be successful, that he was going to be successful because once you had a lot of money you could do things to change the world.† (Purnick pg 9) Well improve and change the way Wall Street does business he did. Michael Bloomberg graduated from John Hopkins University, Balt imore Maryland in 1964 with a degree in electrical engineer and went on to Harvard University where he obtained a Master’s degree (MBA) in Business. After graduation, he worked on the trading floor on Wall Street at Salomon investment, as one of the firm’s first Harvard MBA. Bloomberg made his first million at Salomon and changed technology. He knew computers would make the trading easier and faster for the traders. This idea was a mastermind, which evolved and made life easier for the investment world. At an early age Michael Bloomberg was always â€Å"no social reformer, he was in business to make money.† (Purnick, Joyce copyright 2009). In 1992, he appeared in Forbes’s list of the four hundred wealthiest American worth an estimate three hundred and fifty million, two years later his worth five hundred million and one billion in Nineteen hundred and ninety five. He usually gets what he wants because of his wealth and power. A mayor usually serves two terms but he decided to change the term limits so he could serve an additional term .Michael Bloomberg changed the term limits more of a transformational changed, these changes occurred suddenly without any prior notice. He didnt care what the people of New York want he had his own reason and agenda. Once he was re-elected he changed the terms back to two term for any future mayor. He runs the city like he has no care about the poor, or middle class people. He wants to lay off over 10,0000 teachers, get rid of unions, civil servant workers and privitize all public offices. This recent turn of event has created a high turnover rate, has changed the office culture, and changed the office morals. He intend on laying off teachers, fire fighters, cut back on city workers pensions, close nineteen public school buildings replace with charter schools and turnover public land to private industry. The next fiscal year, â€Å"including one point 1.6 billion in spending cuts that may be more severe if the city loses 1.3 billion in anticipated state aid. The mayors plan would balance the two thousand and eleven budget in part by firing eight hundred and thirty four city workers and cutting another three thousand four hundred and three thousand four hundred and fifty two positions by attrition, and compares with city spending of about 63.1 billion for this fiscal period, which goes through June thirty, attrition, not layoffs, would be used to reduce uniformed employees in police, fire, sanitation and corrections, he said.† (Bloomberg, January 28, 2009) Thi s is not a good idea cutting back on uniform workers during an economic crisis is counterproductive. Crime rate increases during these hard times therefore the citizens need police protection more now than before. Decrease of police workers would be detrimental to our city. Bloomberg re-election has created uproar of issues among city employees. Employees are concerned about their jobs. Problem Statement Michael Bloomberg has a reputation of getting what he wants, based upon his history of success and still does. He was always a high achiever. There is nothing wrong with success, but he uses his money and power as a form of control. His mentality portrays a man who does not accept no as a final answer, his demeanor is success at any means necessary. He wanted to extend the time served from two to third term as mayor, which meant changing the term limits to fulfill his agenda, he succeeded in doing such. Other New York City council such as Christine C. Quinn attempted this change prior to him being mayor which Michael Bloomberg fought against this change, He challenged her attempt and stated, â€Å"There is this technical imperfection, if you will, in the existing law that was approved by the public, where in theory the City Council could go and override the wishes of the public, Mr. Michael Bloomberg said at the time. â€Å"I think that should be taken away. (New York City Counci l Oct 12, 2008) He fought against these changes and won. After serving two terms as mayor, he felt two terms were not sufficient time served. Therefore, he was satisfied or he did not finish what he had set out to do. He needed to make more changes as mayor, which required more time. He decided changing the term limits was the only way to finish his hidden agenda for the city. He did not consider the public anymore, but only himself. How selfish was his actions. Many New Yorkers were angry that a billionaire who has everything he needs could just throw his money and power around for his own selfish interest. He used his money to persuade and convince his constituents to vote in his favor for the term limit change. Many New Yorkers came out to protest in front of city hall to prevent the overturn of the term limits law from two to three terms. He did not hear or want to hear our voices. He disregarded us as if we were not a part of the equation. He has no respect for people , most p eople were not complaining about the mayors two term performance, which, in fact, many had approved, but once he refuses to slow the public to vote on the term changed, this angered many New Yorkers. He lost our respect and support as mayor. Another issue we have is regarding his one dollar a year salary. Research Papers on hra verses Michael BloombergTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Project Managment Office SystemCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionEffects of Television Violence on Children

Southeast Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Southeast Asia - Essay Example Therefore, Southeast Asia stands as typical case for examining the effectiveness of the theoretical models of democratic transition. In addition, the ethnically diverse countries of Southeast Asia are noted for their rapid economic development and corresponding political upheavals. In acknowledging the possibility of sustainable alternative regimes to democracy, this literature appears to significantly depart from modernization theory's linear conception of political development that was implicit in earlier transition theory. But how adept is this work in explaining, as opposed to characterizing, regimes that don't seem to conform to prevailing ideal types of authoritarianism or democracy What light can it shed on the particular paradox mentioned above And just how far has it shifted from the primary assumptions of modernization theory In part this is due to the persistent preoccupation with understanding how to achieve democratic transition. This tends to steer analysis away from a full understanding of the forces behind different regime directions in favor of prescriptions to correct democratic institutional deficiencies. A related problem is the narrow framework within which analysis is conducted, whereby institutions loom large but their relationships to wider power structures are either ignored or under-theorized. For this reason, much of the debate about preferred institutional design to promote or improve de mocracy within this literature may be informed by idealist, liberal optimism rather than a realistic assessment of the foundations and dynamics of regime power. This is not to deny attempts have been made to incorporate socio-economic and structural factors into analysis, but these have not been linked to any wider analysis of capitalist development and its implications for the exercise of power and related conflicts. Revisiting the Theories of Democratic Transition There are many contesting theoretical perspectives which attempt to explain the intricacies of political transition. It has been generally observed that theories of democratic transition are not really successful in explaining the process of political development in the postcolonial societies. However, the relationship between economic development and political transition against the experiences of third world countries could be explained using the existing theoretical frameworks of democratic transition with adequate alterations and modifications. Both Marxist and Weberian approaches are useful for this purpose as "the modern effort to relate changes in political regimes to changes in the underlying economic structures takes off largely from the grand theorizing of late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly that done by Karl Marx and Max Weber" (Crouch and Morley, 1993, p. 313). It does not mean that both Marxist and Weberian schools of thought are equally useful i n all the social contexts. Generally speaking, Marxist theories are more effective for analyzing the cases of developing countries which are locked in the mirage of war and imperialism. On the other hand, Weberian theories are commonly used for analyzing the political process of advanced industrial societies of the west as liberal democracy attained almost divine status in the West vis--vis the development of communism in the east. Lipset was a pioneering figure in bringing in the ideas of Weber for the analysis

Palestine-Israel Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Palestine-Israel Conflict - Essay Example The researcher states that the history of the Arab world has been a stressful one. With the end of the Second World War it has been really challenging for the academia to neglect the conflicts between the Arab society and the Israel. The case of Palestine in particular has been more exigent. It is often confused with either a set of people or a nationality. Hence, writing about it implies going either against one party or another with reference to the self-determination that the small community has in pulling itself out of the shackles of the Zionist movement. The history goes as far as the time of Moses and his followers but that will be too lengthy to trace. However, one can connect to the issue at hand by recalling the incidents of the late nineteenth century which caused a stir among the Palestinian community and the Muslim World at large. Since 1948, the struggle over Palestine between the Jews and the Arabs became an inter-state issue. The state of Palestine was removed from th e map and the Arabs consider it their duty to retrieve it and restore its fame. With the end of the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union also got involved in the growing complexities of the conflict which the Britain could no longer handle. For the Arabs, Zionism was an eccentric intrusion in the Palestinian politics. It felt incomplete without the independence of Palestine and resists the imperialists’ and colonial motives of the West to date,... With the passage of time, the Zionist immigrants planned on settling in the Jewish region by establishing their businesses as agriculturalists in order to acquire their lost land. When the Arabs learnt about this cause, they severely opposed the intensions of the Israeli movement. Establishment of a Jewish state meant for the Arabs going against the law ordained by God. For the Muslims in particular, they understood the exile of the Jews from Palestine as a decree by God. The oppositional cry, however, was neglected and the Zionists continued towards settling other Jews by developing a Jewish National Fund, Keren Kayemeth in 1901 under the World Zionist Organization. The Fund intended to buy land in Syria Palestine, various parts of Turkey and regions of Sinai (Quigley 4). It was only to be given to the Jews for the purpose of settlement and nobody else had the right over these lands. The lands were purchased at extremely high price but the Zionists were determined to keep them and n ever return them at any cost. Most of the agricultural land was owned by farmers for generations and the property was recognized by the customary law. But nothing could be done at such a great loss. Situation became more complicated when a British traveler observed that a Fund purchased land was labored by Arab farmers. A question was raised whether displacing them would mean a silent exchange of land with gold or a rebellion against intolerance over the land’s possession by aliens who suddenly started claiming it. The Jews wanted the land to be labored by their own people but situation could not have lasted long because of less number of Jews as compared to the land they had

Culturally competent nursing care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culturally competent nursing care - Essay Example Though the nurse was a little tough by insisting on the medication which would improve him and indicating that there was no reason for him not to take it, the patient obliged. She reminded him that this was the protocol in the post operative ward and the patient’s comfort was foremost in her mind. Her frustrated attitude was because she could not gauge why patients refuse necessary medications which could only benefit them. Deep down in my heart, I could understand why the patient refused to take the medication. The nurse was right in carrying out her duty but she could have utilized her knowledge of cultural diversity and respected the patient’s wishes. The Chinese believe that medications must be a last resort. Many in my country only take them when the pain is unbearable. This idea may seem old-fashioned to the modern world but they work for us. Demographic changes have reflected an increasingly diverse population globally. The immigration of people of varying races, ethnicity and cultures into America has similarly changed the demography. This increasingly multicultural profile of the American population requires that nurses provide culturally competent care in nursing. Leininger (1999) defined transcultural nursing â€Å"as a formal area of study, research, and practice which focuses on care beliefs based on culture, values and practices to help cultures or subcultures, not just maintain or regain their health system but also help facing disabilities or death in culturally congruent and beneficial caring ways† (Leininger, 1999). Hospitalized patients and their families are subjected to numerous stresses. If nurses lack cultural awareness and fail to provide culturally competent care, patients are more likely to experience increased stress and inadequate care provided by nurses. The understanding and provision of culturally competent care by nurses will make a difference to the health outcomes of many cultural

The Globalization At Macro Level Business Essay

The Globalization At Macro Level Business Essay This is a small assignment based on the question of Globalisation is inevitability for both manufacturing and service organisations .As an SME in your country, what does this challenge mean for business sustainability This report is consists of many factors which have adverse implications on the overall goals of the organisation. In this cutthroat competitive milieu globalisation has played a pivotal role in the ever-changing environment of the organization. Further, constant change in the culture and system of the organisation has their own significance in the organizational culture that will be discussed exhaustively in this report. Research Methodology GLOBALIZATION: Arguably, the biggest single challenge facing managers today is globalization: the creation of a unified world marketplace (Dunphy et al, 2007). According to (Brunes.B, 2009)Allied to globalisation, however, are three other challenges: how to achieve sustainability in a world of dwindling natural resources and increasing environmental pollution, how to manage an increasingly diverse workforce and at a time when business leaders are considered less trustworthy than ever before, how manage ethically. On the other hand (Jones, 1995; Deresky, 2000) thinks that globalisation is the name of economic phenomenon, which is related to the integration and Convergence of economic systems through the growth in international trade investment and capital flows (Jones, 1995; Deresky, 2000). While some authors has suggested that it is a merely combination of four factors such as social, cultural and technological elements. (Giddens, 2002) assures that with the help of globalization death of the distance is certainly possible. But, it also makes it possible for the organisation to cross the boundaries and start the cross culture communication with other organisations. According to the Reich (1998) shows some agreement amongst the writers that what is driving globalisation? Whether its intensification of international competition, economic liberalisation, removal of trade barriers or advent of new technologies. But some authors has unfortunately shed some light over the factors which brought about many conflicts between the stakeholders who see it as a force for global good and those who see it as the oppression of poor nations by rich ones (economist, 2002, Hosbawm, 2008; Klein, 2001; Stiglitz, 2007). (Brunes, 2008) According to a research more than half of the 100 larges t economies in the world were private corporations. Further, the sales of Ford and General Motors combined were greater than the combined GDP of sub sharan Africa. Which clearly proves the point of conflicts when globalization was seen as a force of global good and a oppression for the poorer community. Globalisation has its own implications that may hamper the organisations some ways or either helps organisations to grow and sustain in the market for a longer period. Sustainability stems from the same notion of having a globalized milieu with a set rules pre-defined by the regulatory bodies as per the behaviour and pattern of the organisation. (Brunes.B, 2008) has defined sustainability by highlighting the characteristics of sustainable organisations. There is a wide spread view that governments must solve environmental problems. However, the major multinationals outstrip many of the worlds national economies in terms of wealth and power, and their global coverage allows them to escape the requirements of particular governments seeking to place severe environmental restrictions on them. They can simply move their operations across national borders. In addition to that, (Dunphy et al, 2007) argues that it is highly likely that an organization the one who operates in competitive and hostile market, it has to work as per the desire of the stakeholders for increased profit with the need to act in the wider and long term interests of society as a whole. Therefore, the organisations in the volatile external environment are not potent enough to sustain in a scenario whereby managers do not have the authority to divorce their actions from the wider impact they have on society. Adding that, (Brunes.B, 2008) nor can they ignore the fact tha t a sustainable future of the organisation needs a non-volatile open and close system in the external environment of the organisation. In order to, bring about the sustenance in the system of the organisation. Incremental and transformational approaches should be intertwined in a way, which will then help to create a sustainable organisation. While, (Docherty et al 2002) proposed a theory that sustainability is not about the relationship of organisations to their environment, or the depletion of natural resources. But, sustainability encompasses three levels: individual, the organisational and societal. It is evident with the recent studies that sustainability is not merely the name of satisfying the needs of some group of people at the cost of others. But, it is a name of a cohesive process, which creates bond between the customers, personnel owner and society. Due to this reason, many organisations in Asian countries were unable to survive or stop functioning properly at some point. 2.2. Work Force Diversity:As Jones et al (2000) defines that: Diversity is dissimilarities differences among the people due to age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background and capabilities. It has very severe implications if it is not handled well. Any organisation can easily collapse in this highly globalised environment. In many transnational organisations people are engaging with the workforce of other culture and creating a synergy as per the requirement of production or service based company. In the case of Muslim Charity, which has made strategic alliances or co-partnering with the regional companies to deliver their projects in far fetch areas. (Brunes, 1998) By and large, migration and recruitment has been the important factors for transnational organisations as well. But, in high context cultural (leadership, 2008) countries preference of male over the female is always evident. Though, it has been proved time and again that organisations in economically developed countries accepted the workforce of minority (women). Yet (Cummings and Worley, 2001, 429-30) are in consent with each other at one point that is contemporary workforce characteristics are radically different from what they were just twenty years ago. Employees represent every ethnic background and colour range from highly educated to illiterate, vary in age as well and parents may have dual income or physically or mentally challenged. (Brunes, 2008) point outs that culture is not about the fact that all work forces possess the common work ethos and reacts in the same way. But, Ricks (1999) raised a very critical point about cultural differences that they are the most significant and troublesome variables encountered by the multinational company. Failure to understand this very point comprehensively can mislead managers of the organisations. This is where managers made many blunders. For instance, Muslim charity has a very diversified culture to extent whereby, sometimes conglomerates unable to resolve the disparities that pops up every now then. The main rationale behind is the differences in the culture. Moreover, (Hofstede, 1980) successfully determined the similarities and differences between national culture and the implications of these for the management of different groups. For example, workers from UK-Muslim Charity will be less effective if they to manage a group of employees from south Africa-Muslim Charity. On the contrary of that, (Cumming and Worley, 2001) came up with the brilliant concept that comprehensively covers all the dimensions of diversity. Diversity results from people who bring different resources and perspectives to the work place and who have distinctive needs preferences expectations and lifestyles. Therefore, In order to gain a competitive advantage organisations must establish a division that appraise the performance of the work force. Although, (Hofsetede, 1980) work on understanding the culture was criticised enormously by other authors on national cultures. Further, Hofsetede work showed some resemblance with the contemporary work of Handys (1986) in which he explained that four forms is striking. But, it has been observed from the past research work that in many organisations both role and task cultures are prevalent simultaneously. For instance, in most countries Muslim Charitys organisational environment is purely based upon the role culture. While, in low context culture where only task culture is prevalent only. In addition to this, both task and role culture is prevalent in the headquarter milieu. (Rogers et al, 2006) Bain and Company found a very interesting research on culture that: Culture is at the heart of competitive advantage, particularly where it comes sustaining high performance. Bain company research found that nearly 70 percent of business leaders agree: Culture provides the greatest source of competitive advantage. In fact, more than 80 percent believe an organisation that lacks a high performance culture is doomed to mediocrity. 2.3 Indvidualism v collectivism: (www.geert-hofstede.com) Geert Hofstede had explained about the Individualism and collectivism that they are the two ends of a framework. One, which is defined as a loosely-knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of themselves and their immediate families only. Its opposite is collectivism in which preference is given to the tightly-knit framework in society in which individuals can expect their relatives or members of a particular in-group to look after them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. In the context of Muslim charity transition in the culture of the organisation is taking place where a framework of individualism is not viable in the system and subsystem of the organisation. Instead, Collectivism is replacing individualistic culture incrementally in the internal environment of Muslim Charity, whereby; internal stakeholders are performing conditionally in exchange of the reward system. Which is expected from the group of employers. Thus, the culture of individualism within the strategic business units or the divisions of regional offices of Muslim Charity is on the lower side. 2.4 MASCULINITY FEMININITY: Further, Hofstede highlighted more on the importance of the masculinity femininity. The masculinity side of this dimension represents a preference in society for achievements, heroism, assertiveness and material reward for success. Society at large is more competitive. Its opposite, femininity, stands for a preference for cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak and quality of life. Society at large is more consensus-oriented. By and large, preference to the masculinity over femininity has been removed from the ethos of Muslim Charity and a constant incremental change has enabled the system to adopt a policy whereby, equality has become the preference of charitable trust. However, some policies should be adopted whereby, everyone has the power to contribute and internal stakeholders expects a reward system purely based on fair policy specifically at the international stage. It has been observed in the 3rd world countries where organisations have not been able to adopt fair policy for both the sexes. Resulting, a great loss of human capital. Although, according to the (www.wolframaalpha.com) statistics of 2008 in Pakistan. Unemployment ratio remains to a 8%. But, the feminine community were ignored in all the sectors. One more critical point put forward by (Brunes.B, 2008) Hofstede, cultural dimension model that every organisation has its own orientation. Which is classified into two kinds; namely, employee oriented and employer oriented. First form of orientation is purely revolves around the employees preference to their personal goals which are entirely not align with the organisational aims. Employees try to attain these personal goals on the expense of organizational objectives. On the contrary, notion of employer orientation is the way of engaging employees and realign their orientation to attain common objectives of the organisation. In the culture of Muslim Charity this has been the most critical point. This is where management has not yet been able to successfully execute a work plan for employees. Resulting, a horrendous consequences faced by the organisation which ultimately hampered the working capital of the organisation. Employer orientated guidelines are required at national and int ernational platforms that will exhibit synergy at all levels in the hierarchy of the Muslim Charity. 2.5 Degree of leadership style: In (Brunes.B, 2008) Hofstedes cultural dimensional theory the very last element that is known as leadership style. It plays a vital role in the organisational culture as a whole which really transform and shifts it two a new level. (Brookes, 2008) There is no iota of doubt that different leadership styles bring various outcomes for the organisations, which are then used effectively by the leaders as per the requirement. (LD, 2008) Leadership styles are classified into three categories, which are as follows: a) Participative, b) Authoritarian c) Delegative. In the internal environment of Muslim Charity more or less all the styles of leadership are required. Due to low coercive power the flow of information in the scale of chain of command never transfer from operational core to strategic apex (bottom to top)(Bpp, 2008). As result of this, untimely delays in the decision-making makes it even harder for senior management to take S.M.A.R.T (G. jones, 2010) decisions. Occasional authoritative style will help organisation to attain its goals. However, long-term dictatorial culture in the high context cultural organisation can bring numerous conflicts. Which can cost heavily to any organisation, which has certainly deteriorated the internal environment of Muslim Charity. Pace-setting style which will enable the Muslim charity to engage employees to bring about their individual skills and delegate and participate in the operational activities that will increase the leverage of the business in the long run. 2.6 POWER DISTANCE: This refers to the response to power and authority at different levels of a hierarchy no society functions without some hierarchy and power distances. In cultures where power distances appear low, their informally prevails or is more subtle and is not necessary responding to a formal structure, close work supervision would be presented in cultures with wider power distances, the members of that society accept and respect hierarchy and even encourage it. Manager would expect autocratic decision-making. Employees work is organised according to what the next line of managers expect. So, (Brunes.B, 2008) Hofstede has looked at one very interesting dimension here as he recognizes social inequalities in many countries and work environments these are a part of life. (G. Jones, 2010) interestingly sub-classified the power distance in various categories. As per the classification Muslim Charity falls under the category of power distances coercive and legitimate power. Where power is centred at one place and a very limited delegation of authority prevails in such organisations. In particular low context culture organisation possess such distance powers. In the context of globalisation and conjunction of two power distances can some time possess uncertain threats to the open and close systems of the organisation? As a result of this processes within the organisation discontinue itself, which will then create hindrance in the flow of information of hierarchical structure. 4. Uncertainty Avoidance According to (Hofstede, 1980) the fourth dimension that Hofstede distinguishes is the uncertainty dimension. The spectrum is made up of uncertainty avoidance on the one end and uncertainty tolerance on the other end. Further, it can be defined as the extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations, this expresses itself in the work place for example in the need for predictability. This dimension refers to the extent of the need to avoid uncertainty in life. Where this dimension is high, the effects of conflict, organisational politics, and competition at the work place are more feared. Naturally stress levels are higher, individuals are less entrepreneurial or independent. At the other end of the spectrum the opposite applies because the work force is willing to take risk, be less resistant to change and have less stress and job anxiety. To combine both power distance and uncertainty avoidance, consider figure 1.0 which is as simplified extraction from Hofstedes work to serve as an example only. Diagram of hofstede model. According to the model Pakistan falls under 3rd quadrant where the power distance is always very low in comparison with the uncertainty avoidance. In such circumstances due to high uncertainty avoidance whereby everything is structured in a society and rules that are required in the society are very stringent. In case of Muslim Charity uncertainty tolerance in the UK division is very low in comparison with the other end of the uncertainty spectrum. Collectivist . Pakistan 4Quadrant 3rd Quadrant Individualist . Britain 2nd Quadrant 1st Quadrant Feminine Masculine [figure is taken from Brunes. B, (2009), Managing Change] Fig1.0 Britain East Africa Uncertainty Avoidance Power Distance Low Distance High Distance [figure is taken from Brunes. B, (2009), Managing Change] 5. Globalization at macro level: As numerous writers has written a lot about globalization at various occasions. By and large the fundamental definition of globalization will change in the context of macro and microeconomics level. According to (www.Beerkens.info) the characteristics of the globalisation trend include the internationalizing of production, the new international division of labour, new migratory movements from south to north, the new competitive environment that generates these processes and the internationalizing of the state making states into agencies of the globalising world. 6. Key Drivers for Globalization: One of the authors had come up with 4 key drivers of globalisation. A change small change in any of the following drivers can have critical implications on the economic outlook of any country. Which will thus, slows the growth of companies. a) Customer drivers, b) Cost Drivers, c) competition Drivers, and Country Driver. As far as the cost driving force in terms customer is concerned will challenge any organisation when the demand and satisfaction need of all the customers converge and becomes a common need altogether. Afterwards, it would become very easy to run the business on a common platform. Cost Drivers: it is very crucial to recover or save the cost in the production of the service. While, at the same time company enables itself to increase its economies of scale that will allow the company to spread the cost and thus reduce or mitigate the financial risk on geographical bases. Henceforth, Muslim charity can achieve the economies of scale by sale volumes globally. Country Drivers: are the key fundamentals drivers that may bring about the increase in the overall profit of the MNCs (Multinational National Corporation). Economic trade policies (Whittington, et al, 2009) and (Porter. M,1982) reduction trade barriers can really thrive the profitability of any business. In addition, to this globalization also underpins the regulations related to standardization of either product based businesses or serviced based. As a result of that, meeting those standards can reduce the chances of speeding the cross-cultural business. Further, for Muslim Charity reaching to the wider audience requires a common cross communication tools and ethical standards, which will easily facilitate the business to run openly on, cross communication bases. Competition Drivers: (Whittington et al 2008) in this cut throat competition at global level. It is very important to determine the optimal capability profile of the competitors, which ensures their level to do business at local or progress it towards next level of globalization. According to (G.jones, 2008) competitors has the biggest say of driving the focus of competition from one level to another or divert the focus from one thing to another. (Porter.M, 1982) whenever the rivalry increases specially with the entry of new entrants into the market and they emerge from regional level to compete at international level. Resulting a profound impact of globalization will become evident for longer period. For instance, Muslim Charity is entering at the gross root level in charity sector of Bangladesh to penetrate the market by competing with the movers and shakers of the market at domestic level first and then progress further towards global level. According to (G. Jones, 2010) for a company to become less competitive or show no incline towards the competition will depend upon some factors as shown in the figure. Firstly, it has to remain competitive localised by having a certain niche strategy in the market, which is shown in the 1st quadrant of the figure. For a geographical space in the market occupying a certain space of product scope for sustainability perspective will bring about the competitive international broad range strategy which will push company to become globalised but at the same time remain uncontested. In the context of Muslim Charity moving from quadrant 2 to 4 is to expand the business by being local. Instead tapping the international market on regional and geographical level while, keeping the current competitive position. While, option 5 whereby the company has to sustain itself by closely reading the market condition and determining the ability of the competitors to market the transition. Product Scope Local or National Competitive Localised Niche Strategy 1 Competitive Localised Broad Range Strategy 3 International or Regional Competitive International Niche strategy 2 Competitive 4 International Broad Range Strategy Geographic market scope Globalise 5 [figure is taken from Brunes. B, (2009), Managing Change] 7. CONCLUSION: Finally, Intricate and demanding processes of Muslim Charity requires rigorous and intensive exercise of all the 6 dimensions of Haofstede model which will enable it to become more competitive for longer period of time. Further, it will make Muslim Charity to become order winner instead of order qualifier. If the points which were discussed comprehensively and the flaws comprehended in the report rectified practically. There is a possibility that Muslim Charity will certainly gain competitive advantage and it will sustain in the market. .

Recruitment and Selection in Business :: Papers

Recruitment and Selection in Business Organisations are always needed to recruit new staff every so often. There are many reasons behind this: * If the business has grown, more staff are needed to carry out existing jobs and new posts. * If any existing staff have left by retirement, dismissal and other reasons, these vacancies need to be filled. * Internal promotion offers the existing employees more goals to set. If they take this up, a new member of staff must replace their previous position. In order to perform successfully and remain competitive, a business must have a good recruitment and selection team within their human resource function. Recruitment must be a success by ensuring that they attract the best candidate for to fill the job vacancy. Selection processes are carefully devised and carried out on the possible candidates to help the organisation choose the best person possible to do the job. The Recruitment and Selection Process ===================================== Job Analysis [IMAGE] Job Description [IMAGE] Person Specification [IMAGE] Recruitment [IMAGE] Selection [IMAGE] Appointment/ Interview [IMAGE] Induction Job Analysis ------------ A job analysis is carried out to try and make the position available attractive to the right candidate straight away. In order to attract the ideal candidate, the Human Resources Department must state exactly what they want and be very clear about it. A job analysis must include exact information about: * What the job will involve doing. * What qualities are required to do the job, qualifications and personal attributes. * Wages * Hours Job Description --------------- A job description s designed to outline basic information about the job itself and the role of the employee for that job.

Negligance: New Haverford Partnership Essay

Plaintiff 1 is Elizabeth Stroot, a 33 year old graduate student who has suffered from allergies and asthma since childhood. Stroot was a tenant at Haverford apartments. Plaintiff 2 is Joletta Watson, friend and roommate of Elizabeth Stroot and a tenant of Haverford apartments from 1990 to 1994. Defendant is New Haverford Partnership, the owner of Haverford apartments. Facts In August 1992, Elizabeth Stroot and a roommate, Joletta Watson, moved into an apartment on the third floor of Haverford Place. (Case Law) While living in this apartment with Watson, Stroot immediately discovered mold around the windows and bathroom. Upon this discovery, Stroot attempted to remove the mold with bleach, however, the mold keep returning. In addition to the mold, Stroot also discovered leaks in her bedroom ceiling and in the kitchen and bathroom sinks. About a year later, in September 1993, Stroot’s roommate, Watson, moved out and Stroot moved into a one bedroom apartment in a different building within Haverford Place. After moving in, Stroot discovered that the bathroom ceiling in the new apartment also leaked. After living there for a few months, the leaks had caused holes in the drywall and there was a black substance covering the edges of the holes. Whenever the shower was on in the apartment above Stroot’s, black water ran out of the holes. Stroot inf ormed management and some efforts were made to fix the upstairs shower. No repairs were made in Stroot’s apartment. The landlord stated that â€Å"the problem was caused by the upstairs tenants taking â€Å"sloppy† showers.† A few months later, on May 6 1994, Stroot called emergency maintenance because the hold in her bathroom ceiling was expanding and had become very large. It was no longer just a leak; she stated it was â€Å"raining†. Maintenance came to inspect her apartment and said that they would fix her apartment once the problem in the upstairs apartment was resolved. Ten days later, on May 16, 1994, Stroot’s bathroom ceiling collapsed and her bathroom floor flooded with water from the ceiling. The now exposed ceiling and also the debris from the drywall were covered with black, green, orange, and white mold. Stroot stated that the room was  filled with a strong and nauseating odor. Again, Stroot called emergency maintenance and they sta ted that they could not do anything until the following morning. Once morning came, Stroot could not breathe. Stroot contacted her doctor and he recommended that she get an ambulance and go to the hospital. After being released from the hospital that day, Stroot made the decision that she could no longer live at Haverford Place. Due to her suffering from allergies and asthma since childhood, while living at Haverford Place, Stroot was forced to go to the emergency room seven times from asthma attacks. Also, she had spent a total of nine days as an inpatient where she received intravenous steroids twelve times. Stroot incurred medical expense in the amount of $28,000. Stroot sued New Haverford Partnership to recover damages for their negligence in permitting the water leaks and mold to persist in her apartment for the cause of her medical issues. While Watson lived at Haverford Place, during the years of 1990 to 1994, she experienced many of the same issues as Stroot had in her apart ment. During the first few years of Watson’s residency at Haverford Place, she traveled frequently and was not home that often. However, the pipe under her sink burst and her kitchen was flooded with hot water. Maintenance did fix this pipe but the cabinets remained damaged by the water. She also had water issues in her bathroom. There was a gap in her tub between the tiles and the tub. Behind this gap was rotten drywall. Black mold was living behind the toilet, around the sink, on the ceiling and the windows were coated with a gummy substance. Watson attempted to remove the mold several times and it would continue to return. In 1993, Watson no longer traveled and was home more. During this time, Watson started to experience health problems. These problems included frequent headaches, sinus issues, chest pains, body aches, and fatigue. Watson went to he doctor and obtained medicine, however, she did not feel any better until she was no longer living at Haverford Place, six mo nths later. Watson had developed an allergy to Penicillium and suffered from permanent upper respiratory problems due to her exposure to the mold. Procedure The plaintiffs, Stroot and Watson, brought the appeal on three theories of tort liability: 1. Ordinary or common law negligence based on Landlord’s alleged failure to maintain safe and sanitary conditions in the apartments, 2. Negligence based on alleged violations of the New Castle County Code 3, 3. Negligence based on alleged violations of the Landlord Tenant Code. The jury of the trial courts found in favor of the plaintiffs on all three forms of negligence. The plaintiffs also offered testimony from several expert witnesses. The first expert witness is Dr. Yang, a mycologist and microbiologist. After inspecting Haverford Place, he stated that there was excessive and atypical mold growth in the apartment buildings caused by long term leaks. He opined the widespread mold contamination posed a health risk to tenants. The next, Dr. Johnanning, a physician board-certified in environmental and occupational medicine, also inspected and noted similar data from Haverford Place. He took blood samples from the plaintiffs and after analysis, he opined there was a high concentration of toxic mold at Haverford Place and this significantly and permanently increase the severity of Stroot’s asthma. He also st ated that Watson developed an allergy to Penicillium and suffered from permanent upper respiratory problems as a result to her exposure to the mold. Dr. Gordon, a neuropsychologist, another expert witness, studied the mental defects associated with the atypical molds. He evaluated Stroot and came to the conclusion that she suffers from significant cognitive impairment in the areas of attention, concentration, memory and executive functions. He opined these problems were permanent and were a result of her exposure to the mold. Dr. Rose, a physician board certified in pulmonary, occupational and environmental medicine also examined Stroot and opined that she had developed osteopenia as a result of her steroid use while living at Haverford Place. The last expert witness, Michael Lynn, an architect and partner in real estate due diligence firm performed a limited property condition assessment at Haverford Place. He opined that the deferred maintenance on the buildings was excessive and the landlord’s failure to maintain the property was the proximate cause of the unhealthy and unsanitary conditions observed. The jury awarded Stroot $1,000,000 for personal injuries and $5,000 for property damage. Watson was awarded $40,000 for personal injuries. Both Watson and Stroot’s awards were reduced by 22% for their level of contributory negligence. Issue Was New Haverford Partnership liable for negligence? Were the expert  witness’s testimonies reliable? Is the amount of the damage awards appropriate? Were the plaintiff’s partially at fault due to their own negligence? Holding The landlord filed an appeal to the trial court’s outcome with claims of error in the plaintiffs allegations of the three causes of action in tort liability of the landlord, the opinions of the expert witness were deficient in several respects, and that the amounts awarded to Stroot and Watson were excessive. The Supreme Court held that New Haverford Partnership was negligent and the amounts awarded to Stroot and Watson was supported. The Supreme Court affirmed the trial court’s judgment in favor of Stroot and Watson Reasoning There was no error found in the trial court’s decision to allow the plaintiffs to pursue an ordinary, or common law, negligence claim and the jury found the landlord negligent due to failure to maintain the property allowing for unsafe and unsanitary living conditions and breaching the Landlord Tenant Code. The landlord owed the tenants a duty of care and the landlord breached that duty and due and the breach was the proximate cause of the tenant’s injuries. The court finds that the experts’ opinions were within the realm of scientific reliability and that the trial court acted with their realm of discretion in allowing them. In Delaware, the presumption is that a jury verdict is â€Å"correct and just.† The court has the authority to grant a new trial if it believes that the verdict was based upon â€Å"passion, partiality, prejudice, mistake, or misapprehension on the part of the jury.† It also states that a verdict will not be set aside unless it is â€Å"so grossly excessive as to show the Court’s conscience and sense of justice; and unless the injustice of allowing the verdict is clear.† Therefore, given the permanent nature of the Plaintiff’s injuries as well as the physical and emotional suffering that Stroot and Watson will have to endure the remainder of their lives, the court does not find the amount of damage awards to be unreasonable. Case Questions Critical Legal Thinking – What is negligence? Do you think the landlord was negligent in this case? Negligence is the failure to take proper care in doing something. Yes, the landlord was negligent in this case. They were aware of the major water leaks and mold issues and did not do anything to attempt to resolve the issues. With knowing the condition of the apartment buildings, they are required as a landlord to make the proper repairs to insure the buildings have safe and sanitary living conditions for their tenants. They were also aware of these conditions for at least four years. Business Ethics – Did New Haverford Partnership act ethically in this case? Do you think Stroot was partially at fault in this case? No, I do not think New Haverford Partnership acted ethically in this case. Their appeal arguing that the were not negligent, that the expert witnesses didn’t have valid cases and that the damage awards were excessive goes to show that they do not have any sympathy for the damages they have caused and also that they are not responsible for the damages. Howeve r, I do believe Stroot is partially at fault. She continued to live at the apartments after she was aware of the conditions. She knew her health was at risk after her first visit to the Emergency Room. She ended up going an additional six times. Contemporary Business – Do you think the award of damages in this case was appropriate? Why or Why not? I agree with the court’s decision in the amount of award of damages. Stroot and Watson both will have to suffer from mental and physical issues for the remainder of their lives due to the exposure to the mold. They will have recurring medical expenses due to these issues and the amount of the award will allow for payment of their future medical expenses and for personal damages. I do agree with the court’s decision to reduce their awards by 22% for their own negligence. Watson and Stroot both lived in Haverford place for multiple years and were well aware of the issues and condition of the buildings. They chose to cont inue to live there even after the negligence of the landlord was well known after they did not repair the multiple issues they called in. Also, Stroot had to go to the emergency room seven times before she decided not to live at Haverford Place. Citations Cheeseman, Henry. Business Law: Legal Environment, Online Commerce, Business Ethics, and International Issues, 7th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions. (Pg 772-773). New Haverford Partnerships v. Stroot and Watson, No. 549, 1999. Retrieved from http://courts.state.de.us/

Mardi Gras

Mardi Gras The feast before the fast | | â€Å"Mardi Gras† means â€Å"Fat Tuesday. † Traditionally, it is the last day for Catholics to indulge—and often overindulge—before Ash Wednesday starts the sober weeks of fasting that come with Lent. Formally known as Shrove Tuesday, Mardi gras has long been a time of extravagant fun for European Christians. In the United States, Mardi gras draws millions of fun-seekers to New Orleans every year.Mardi gras has been celebrated in New Orleans on a grand scale, with masked balls and colourful parades, since French settlers arrived in the early 1700s. Hidden behind masks, people behaved so raucously that for decades in the early 19th century masks were deemed illegal in that party-loving city. Masks, Music, and Mayhem French royals, feather-covered showgirls, Energizer bunnies, painted clowns, masked lions—you can find them all (and countless others) in the streets of New Orleans at Mardi gras.By dawn on that m ost famous Tuesday, people have claimed the best spots on the streets to watch fabulous floats, outrageous performers, and visiting celebrities go by. Many travel hundreds of miles to be a part of the excitement. Marching bands, some of them founded more than a century ago, also take to the streets with music and festive dress. They open the day by spreading jazz music through the city before the more than 350 floats and 15,000 costumed paraders take over the scene.Crazy costumes and wild make-up are the order of the day for paraders and parade-watchers alike. King’s Cake In some countries, King’s Cake — which is a wreath shaped purple, green, and gold cake — is eaten for six weeks. The traditional Mardi gras food usually has a baby Jesus baked into it, and whoever eats the piece with the figurine is believed to have good luck for the rest of the year. Parade FloatsThe tradition of floats handing stuff out to Parade onlookers started in Renaissance Europe . Back then, parade participants received ale, meat, and even grain. Now it’s different, lol, which people throwing beads. Beaded Necklaces The tradition of throwing beaded necklaces started in the early 1900s, when a float had a Santa Claus throwing glass beaded necklaces into the crowd. It was such a hit, that it soon became a tradition, and that is exactly what Mardi Gras is known for today. Mardi Gras Mardi Gras The feast before the fast | | â€Å"Mardi Gras† means â€Å"Fat Tuesday. † Traditionally, it is the last day for Catholics to indulge—and often overindulge—before Ash Wednesday starts the sober weeks of fasting that come with Lent. Formally known as Shrove Tuesday, Mardi gras has long been a time of extravagant fun for European Christians. In the United States, Mardi gras draws millions of fun-seekers to New Orleans every year.Mardi gras has been celebrated in New Orleans on a grand scale, with masked balls and colourful parades, since French settlers arrived in the early 1700s. Hidden behind masks, people behaved so raucously that for decades in the early 19th century masks were deemed illegal in that party-loving city. Masks, Music, and Mayhem French royals, feather-covered showgirls, Energizer bunnies, painted clowns, masked lions—you can find them all (and countless others) in the streets of New Orleans at Mardi gras.By dawn on that m ost famous Tuesday, people have claimed the best spots on the streets to watch fabulous floats, outrageous performers, and visiting celebrities go by. Many travel hundreds of miles to be a part of the excitement. Marching bands, some of them founded more than a century ago, also take to the streets with music and festive dress. They open the day by spreading jazz music through the city before the more than 350 floats and 15,000 costumed paraders take over the scene.Crazy costumes and wild make-up are the order of the day for paraders and parade-watchers alike. King’s Cake In some countries, King’s Cake — which is a wreath shaped purple, green, and gold cake — is eaten for six weeks. The traditional Mardi gras food usually has a baby Jesus baked into it, and whoever eats the piece with the figurine is believed to have good luck for the rest of the year. Parade FloatsThe tradition of floats handing stuff out to Parade onlookers started in Renaissance Europe . Back then, parade participants received ale, meat, and even grain. Now it’s different, lol, which people throwing beads. Beaded Necklaces The tradition of throwing beaded necklaces started in the early 1900s, when a float had a Santa Claus throwing glass beaded necklaces into the crowd. It was such a hit, that it soon became a tradition, and that is exactly what Mardi Gras is known for today.

Pierre Elliot Trudeau & His Mark on Canada essays

Pierre Elliot Trudeau & His Mark on Canada essays Canada has been shaped, from its beginning, by strong personalities and people of character. Pierre Elliot Trudeau was certainly one of these people. He was charismatic, flamboyant and he changed the face of politics. The influence of Trudeaus actions still remains eminent today. Trudeau was a man that you either loved or hated but it is impossible to deny he made many important contributions to the maturation of Canada. Pierre Elliot Trudeau was a man with a vision for his country. Trudeau applied his belief in freedoms and rights of the individual when he as justice minister proposed amendments to the Criminal Code that relaxed laws against divorce and abortion and decriminalized homosexuality. He will always be remembered for his famous quote Take this thing on homosexuality. I think the view we take here is that there's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation . . . what's done in private between consenting adults doesn't concern the Criminal Code (Wood). Trudeaus policy to legalize abortion, homosexuality and to make divorce easier have had many repercussions on the Canada of today. In the midst of staying out of the bedrooms of the nation Canadians have been free to basically do anything where consenting adults can be found. Now this may seem like something glorious to some, statistics imply the opposite. The freedoms, in acted by Trudeau to promote his visions of the rights of the individual have caused a demoralizing of Canada. Over two million unborn babies have been snuffed out (killed because they are not legally people) (Jalslevac). The birth rate has shrunk to minimal size, and will continue to do so. The Divorce Act has also taken its toll on demoralizing Canada. Ten years after the Divorce Act of 1968, divorces multiplied by five times. In 1982-1985 when the government made amendments to the Divorce Act, that made it even easier to get a divorce (chang...

Comparing The Education System in the United States And Afghanistan Research Paper

Comparing The Education System in the United States And Afghanistan - Research Paper Example Education in Afghanistan on the other hand incorporates the system of elementary, primary and high school education. After high school education, Afghan students join an institution of higher learning most of which are under the Higher Education Ministry (Gross, 2008). Since very early times Afghanistan has had an organized education system but since the Taliban took power, education has changed in Afghanistan. Education in Afghanistan has also been affected and influenced by the 2002 ouster of the Taliban. Access to Education Before the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan by the United States, access to education was very low in Afghanistan and it was mainly focused on religious education. Women and girls were completely denied an education by the Taliban government and illiteracy levels were very high among women. Since the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001, there have been great strides made in improving education in Afghanistan. Recent estimates put the number of learners at five point four million with girls comprising thirty five percent (Baker, 2008). Afghanistan currently boasts of an enrolment rate that is even higher than before the Taliban bans on secular education. Access to education is now provided to all Afghanis free of charge. The right to education is now enshrined in the Afghanistan up to a high school level and is free of charge. In the US, education is also a right that is enshrined in the constitution. Contrary to the Afghanistan situation the United States has always had universal access for everyone of school going age in public schools. America education system is compulsory for all learners below the age of eighteen. The US literacy rate stands at 99% with this figure being roughly equal for both men and women (Wadhwa, 2011). The United States just like Afghanistan employs the k12 system with elementary, primary and high school being compulsory and higher education being optional and privately funded and controlled. Approved home schooling p rograms are also allowed. Schooling in Afghanistan Since 2001 Since the toppling of the Taliban regime in 2001 and the setting up of the Karzai government a lot of changes have taken place with regard to education in Afghanistan. The schooling system is however facing many challenges in its quest for providing education to all Afghanis. The system is plagued by an influx of students who number approximately six million yet there are not enough teachers to teach. The problem is further compounded by the fact that the teachers available to teach are not sufficiently qualified. The ministry of education is also grappling with low standards since there is no standard curriculum which has been adopted officially by all the schools (Baker, 2008). There is a critical shortage of education infrastructure such as textbooks, and buildings in many parts of the country since most of the infrastructure was destroyed by the Taliban. One of the most pressing of concerns of the education ministry i n Afghanistan is regarding security. The Taliban have been using a campaign of terror against government run education through bombing of schools particularly girl schools. The Taliban also threaten teachers and disrupt the distribution of learning materials all over the country. Funding of Education Education in Afghanistan is mainly funded by donors since the government has a critically underfunded budget. Institutions such as UNICEF and UNESCO have been in the forefront in the provision of funding and even material support towards

Special education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Special education - Assignment Example Some of the special needs entail communication challenges, physical disabilities, behavioral and emotional behaviors and developmental disorders. Students exhibiting the special needs usually benefit from additional educational services where different approaches are used with examples of a resource room, use of technology and a teaching area that is specifically adapted (University of La Crosse, 2012). This is where special educators come in. Special educators have a repertoire that has evidence based strategies meant to individualize instructions specifically for individuals who have exceptional learning needs (ELN). These strategies enhance critical thinking in learning, problem solving as well as individual skill performance. More over the strategies enhance self-reliance, self-control and self esteem. Special educators play a huge part in put a lot of emphasis in maintenance development and generalization of skills and knowledge across settings, environments and lifespan (Univer sity of La Crosse, 2012). When it comes to assessment, this is a very crucial process during decision making as well as teaching of special educators. The educators use various types of assessment information when making different educational decisions. They also use assessment results to assists them identify the exceptional learning needs and also to come up and enforce individualized instructional programs and also adjust instruction when it comes to responding to ongoing learning progress (University of La Crosse, 2012). ... In addition, they understand assessment that is related to eligibility, referral, instruction, program planning and placement. An empirical study conduct by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO) in regards to the participation of disabled students in regards to statewide testing programs, probed the question of why students were excluded in these assessments (Almond et al, 1997). Despite the fact that participation rates largely contributed to poor data collection during testing time, the study found that there was also the files that used key marker variables. This resulted in many disabled students being lost in the midst. The study identified the four reasons that make statewide assessment to be used and they included; providing data so as to inform policy, make decisions regarding student competence, provide accountability data based on criterion achievement levels and lastly, to be able to compare the local agencies that are local (Almond et al, 1997). In their meth odology, they focused on testing students with disabilities from 3rd, 5th, 8th as well as 10th graders. After having done their research, the NCEO found that program participation and demographic data would be used when it came to grouping of scores and also taking into consideration the effects of program services, age, language proficiency and socioeconomic status (Almond et al, 1997). Therefore, when it comes to the evidence that I will use to make sure my students responses as well as errors guided discussion decisions and ensure that feedback is provided to learners, I will use the evidence based practice. This is where there is use of instructional strategy, teaching program or intervention that leads to consistent positive results particularly when they are experimentally